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Cardiac Output (CO) is the standard textbook product of heart rate and stroke volume: CO = Heart Rate x Stroke Volume, converted to L/min. The commonly cited normal resting range is roughly 4-8 L/min. This calculator is for general reference and educational purposes only — it is not a medical diagnosis. Consult a doctor for actual hemodynamic assessment.
How it works
Enter heart rate (bpm) and stroke volume (mL). The tool multiplies the two and converts from mL/min to L/min.
- Enter heart rate (bpm).
- Enter stroke volume (mL).
- Click Calculate to see your results.
Examples
Heart rate 70 bpm, stroke volume 70 mL
CO = 70 x 70 = 4,900 mL/min = 4.9 L/min.
Who should use it
- Reviewing hemodynamic monitoring data alongside a doctor.
- Physiology and cardiology education.
Industry applications
- Cardiology and critical care reference
- Exercise physiology education
Advantages
- Simple, transparent multiplication.
- Foundational formula taught throughout physiology and cardiology education.
Limitations
- Requires already-measured heart rate and stroke volume values.
- A single snapshot — trends over time are more clinically informative.
Common mistakes to avoid
- Forgetting to convert the result from mL/min to L/min when comparing to typical reference ranges.
- Using a stroke volume measured under different conditions (e.g. exercise) than the heart rate entered.
Best practices
- Use heart rate and stroke volume measured at the same time and physiological state for a meaningful cardiac output value.
Tips
- Track cardiac output alongside cardiac index (which accounts for body size) for a fuller picture.