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Free Cartesian to Polar Coordinate Converter

Convert between 2D Cartesian (x, y) and polar (r, θ) coordinates in either direction.

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Key Features

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Every point on a 2D plane can be described two equivalent ways: Cartesian coordinates (x, y — how far along each axis) or polar coordinates (r, θ — distance from the origin and angle). This tool converts a point between the two forms in either direction.

How it works

Choose a conversion direction. Cartesian → Polar: enter x and y, and the tool computes r = √(x² + y²) and θ = atan2(y, x) in degrees. Polar → Cartesian: enter r and θ in degrees, and the tool computes x = r·cos(θ) and y = r·sin(θ).

  1. Enter conversion direction.
  2. Enter x (for Cartesian → Polar).
  3. Enter y (for Cartesian → Polar).
  4. Enter r (for Polar → Cartesian).
  5. Enter θ in degrees (for Polar → Cartesian).
  6. Click Calculate to see your results.

Examples

A simple 3-4-5 triangle

The point (3, 4) in Cartesian coordinates converts to r = 5, θ ≈ 53.13° in polar coordinates — a classic 3-4-5 right triangle relationship.

Who should use it

  • Math, physics, and engineering coursework involving coordinate systems.
  • Graphics, robotics, and navigation calculations that mix the two coordinate forms.

Industry applications

  • Engineering and physics education
  • Robotics, graphics, and navigation systems

Advantages

  • Instant, exact conversion in either direction.
  • Correctly handles all four quadrants via atan2.

Limitations

  • Limited to 2D — use the Cartesian-Spherical Converter for 3D points.

Common mistakes to avoid

  • Assuming a plain arctan(y/x) always gives the right angle — it doesn't account for quadrant, unlike atan2.
  • Mixing degrees and radians when doing further math by hand after converting.

Best practices

  • Keep track of which convention (degrees vs. radians) your next calculation expects, and convert accordingly.
  • Use polar coordinates when a problem is naturally about distance-and-direction; use Cartesian when it's naturally about horizontal-and-vertical position.

Tips

  • Converting a point to polar and back to Cartesian should return your original x and y — a handy way to sanity-check your own by-hand math.

Frequently asked questions

Yes, with no signup and no limit on how many conversions you run.
Degrees are more familiar for most everyday use — the underlying math uses radians internally (via atan2, sin, cos) and converts to degrees for display.
A plain arctangent of y/x can't tell which quadrant a point is in (it gives the same angle for (3,4) and (-3,-4)). atan2(y, x) takes both signs into account and returns the correct angle for any quadrant.
A zero r simply means the origin, where the angle is mathematically undefined but the tool will still report θ = 0 by convention; a zero x or y just places the point on one of the axes, which converts normally.

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