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Free Rationalize Denominator Calculator

Rationalize a denominator of the form a/√b or a/(b ± √c) by multiplying by the conjugate, with the full working shown.

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Rationalizing a denominator removes square roots from the bottom of a fraction, which is the conventional way to express such fractions in simplest form. This tool rationalizes denominators of the form a/√b, or a/(b + √c) and a/(b − √c) using the conjugate.

How it works

For a/√b, multiplying top and bottom by √b clears the root from the denominator. For a/(b ± √c), multiplying top and bottom by the conjugate (b ∓ √c) uses the difference-of-squares identity (b + √c)(b − √c) = b² − c to eliminate the root from the denominator.

  1. Enter form of the expression.
  2. Enter a (numerator).
  3. Enter b.
  4. Enter c (only for a / (b ± √c)).
  5. Click Calculate to see your results.

Examples

A binomial denominator

1/(2 + √3), multiplied by the conjugate (2 − √3)/(2 − √3), gives (2 − √3)/(4 − 3) = 2 − √3.

Who should use it

  • Algebra and precalculus coursework on radical expressions.
  • Simplifying radical expressions before further algebraic manipulation.

Industry applications

  • Mathematics education (algebra)

Advantages

  • Handles both the single-term (a/√b) and binomial (a/(b ± √c)) cases.
  • Shows the conjugate multiplication and resulting simplification explicitly.

Limitations

  • Doesn't handle denominators with cube roots or higher-order radicals, only square roots.

Common mistakes to avoid

  • Multiplying by the same expression instead of its conjugate for a binomial denominator, which does not eliminate the square root.

Best practices

  • Always multiply both the numerator and denominator by exactly the same expression (the conjugate), so the value of the overall fraction is unchanged.

Tips

  • For a single square root term in the denominator, you only need to multiply by that same root (not a full conjugate) — the conjugate technique is specifically for binomial denominators.

Frequently asked questions

The conjugate of b + √c is b − √c (and vice versa) — multiplying a binomial by its conjugate always produces a difference of squares, b² − c, which eliminates the square root term.
By long-standing mathematical convention, expressions are considered in "simplest form" when there is no square root left in the denominator — it also makes some further arithmetic (like adding fractions) more straightforward.

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